Aeroplane



3m HSman 0. I. ABHAHAMSON.

AEROFLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 3| 1918.

Patented Feb. 1, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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WIW-a rn @ys 244. AERONAUTIGS m s msmam@ 0. J. ABRAHAMSUN.

AEROPLANE.

4 l APPLICATION FILED MAY 3, i918. 1

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OSCAR J'. ABRAHAMSON, 0F CARPENTER, NORTH DAKOTA.

AEROPLANE.

Application filed May 3, 1918.

T o all 'whom t may concern Be it known that I, OSCAR J. ABRAHAM- soN acitizen of the United States, residing at arpenter, in the county ofRolette and State of North Dakota, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Aeroplanes; and I do hereby declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same.

This invention relates to aeroplanes and particularly to their wings andthe primary object of the invention is to improve the construction,mounting and operation of the wings and their operative connections toregulate the lifting effect, the improvements being applicable, withoutrequiring a specic form of body and other parts.

With this object in View, the invention consists in the improvedconstruction, arrangement, and combination of parts hereinafter fullydescribed and afterward particularly claimed.

In order that the construction and operation thereof may be readilycomprehended, I have illustrated an approved embodiment of my inventionin the accompanying drawings and will now proceed to fully andspecifically describe the same in connection with said drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 represents my improvements applied to an aeroplane, inside elevation, with parts broken away, y

Fig. 2, a view in plan, of the invention, showing two sets of wings indifferent positions, parts of the wings being broken away, and partsshown in dotted lines,

Fig. 3, a transverse vertical sectional view of the body lookingforwardly at the front wings in horizontal position.

Fig. 4, a similar view to that of Fig. 3, showing another pair of wingsin inclined position.

Fig. 5, a view of a wing post and connection, partly in elevation andpartly in vertical, longitudinal section,

Fig. 6, a view, on an enlarged scale, of one of the arms of the wings,and

Fig. 7, a detail sectional view.

Like reference characters indicate the same parts, wherever they appearin the several figures of the drawings.

Referring specifically to the drawing, 10 indicates the body of theaeroplane which may be a hydroplane or a flying machine of Specificationof Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 1, 1921.

Serial No. 232,277.

any class, which, in this instance is shown as mounted on wheels 11 andprovided with a propeller 12 on a shaft 13 driven by a sprocket chain 14connecting a sprocket on the propeller shaft with one on the shaft of amotor 15 of any desired form or class.

At 16, 16 are shown horizontal rudders to govern the rise and fall ofthe machine which are shown as mounted upon horizontal pivots 17journaled in bearings 18 on braces 19 secured to the body and areoperated by chains or cords 20 leading from vertical bars on the ruddersto a shaft 21 which is rotated by a hand lever 22 in reach of theoperator in his seat 23, a usual pawl 24 and curved ratchet or rack 25being provided to retain the parts in their adjusted positions.

At 26 is a vertical, or steering plane or rudder, pivoted at 27 andoperated by chains or cords 29 leading from the ends of a cross bar 30on the rudder to a steering bar or post 31, with suitable hand wheel 32,adjacent to the seat 23.

The operation of the rudders will be readily understood from theforegoing by any person skilled in the aeronautic art, and these partsmay be varied at the will of the maker or user.

At 33 is a metallic frame located above and around the body andsupported therefrom by brackets 34, said frame being straight along itssides and curved at front and rear, serving at the rear as a support forthe pivot of the vertical rudder 26 and at the front to receive theforward end of a hollow bar or pipe 35 centrally placed and supportedabove the body by posts 36 supported on top of the body.

Within the pipe 35, and exposed through slots 37 therein, is a slidablerod 38.

At 39, 40, 41, and 42 in Fig. 1, are shown four pairs or sets of wingsof which the sets 39 and 41 are shown in Fig. 2, the set 39 in Fig. 3and the set 41 in Fig. 4. The number of sets may be varied.

The wings are arranged in pairs longitudinally of the machine, asindicated at 39a and 39h, and 41a and 41h, respectively. The inner edgeportions of each pair of wings are overlapped and supported on one ofthe posts 36. Said posts have upper pieces or portions 45 pivotedthereon to swing forwardly and rearwardly about transverse axes, and awasher 43 is disposed on each portion 45 and bears on a shoulder 44.Thus, each pair of wings being pivotally engaged on the respectiveportion 45, can swing forwardly and rearwardly in the plane of thewings, and the pair of wings can also swing forwardly and rearwardly todifferent angular positions about transverse axes with the portion 45.Thus, the pivotal mounting of the wings on the portion 45 permits of thewings swinging relatively to one another around said portion as a pvot,and the transverse pivot 46 connecting the portion 45 and posts 36permits the pair of wings to be tilted to different inclinations forregulating the lifting effect. The outer edge portions of the wings arecurved downwardly as shown.

On one of the wings is a guide plate,-as at 47 in Fig. 3, curved on thewing pivot as a center and raised off the wing 392L sufciently to permitthe curved inner edge of the other wing 39b to engage under it, while onthe wing 39b is a similar curved plate 47a to receive the curved inneredge of the other wing 39a, which arrangement causes the wings alongtheir inner edges to move smoothly on each other on their pivots and notbecome separated or bent apart.

Pivoted loosely on the wing posts 36 are braces 48, which extend upwardand outward and have their outer ends, as at 49, riveted or otherwisefastened to the under sides of the wings to prevent the wings movingunevenly on their pivots. Said braces 48 are sufliciently loose on theposts 36 to tilt with the wings forwardly and rearwardly.

For each set of wings there is provided a plate, as at 50, secured tothe slidable rod 38 in which are two sockets. 51 and 52, to receive theinner end balls 53 of links or braces 54 whose outer end balls 55 entersockets 56 in similar socket plates 57 secured under the wings. Bracesor links 66, similar to the links or braces 54, have end balls engagingloosely within the plates 57, and sockets 67 on the frame 33, therebyanchoring said braces 66 to fixed positions on the frame, and providingloose connections between the wings and frame, whereby to control thepositions of the wings when swung or moved tov different positions.

Brackets 58 support a shaft carrying a worm 59 which engages rack teeth60 on the slidable rod 38 and said worm 59 is rotated by a crank 6l on asprocket wheel 62 journaled at the lower end of a bracket 63 andconnected by a sprocket chain 64 with a sprocket wheel 65 on the shaftof the worm.

When the worm is thus rotated, its engagement with the rack teeth causesthe rod 38 to move longitudinally in the hollow bar or pipe 35, carryingwith it the socket plates 50, and by means of the links or braces 54also moving the outer socket plates 57, this movement being limited andgoverned by the braces 66. Thus, when the inner ends of the links 54 aremoved rearwardly toward a straight line position in plan view, saidlinks will push the rear portions of the wings of the respective pairoutwardly away from one another, thereby swinging the wings forwardly inthe plane thereof, and due to the anchoring of the wings by the braces66 to the frame, said braces 66 will tilt the wings to different angleswhen they are swung relatively to one another. Thus, when the wings areswung forwardly, their rear portions are raised by the braces 66 to ornearly into a horizontal position. Conversely, when the links 54 aremoved forwardly, they will pull the rear portions of the wings towardone another, and the braces 66 will serve to swing the rear portions ofthe wings downwardly simultaneously thereby bringing the wings at anangle, to increase the lifting effect, and at the same time, therearward swinging of the wings will bring the outward downwardly curvedportions into action for increasing the lifting effect. Thus, when thewings are swung rearwardly, they are tilted to a greater angle from thehorizontal, and at the same time, the downwardly curved edge portions ofthe wings are swung rearwardly to increase the lifting effect and whenthe wings are swinging forwardly, they are brought toward a horizontalposition and the effect of the downwardly curved portions lessened.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desireto Secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. An aeroplane embodying a body, wings extending toward opposite sides,and having their outer end portions curved downwardly, means formounting the inner ends of the wings on the body for swinging movementin the plane of said wings, and for forwardly and rearwardly tiltingmovement to different angles, means for swinging said wings in the planethereof to move said downwardly curved portions forwardly andrearwardly, and means for swinging the rear edges of the wingsdownwardly and upwardly, respectively, when said downwardly curvedportions are moved rearwardly and forwardly.

2. An aeroplane including a body, a member pivoted to the body to swingabout a transverse axis forwardly and rearwardly, a pair of wingsextending toward opposite sides having their inner end portionsoverlapping and mounted on said member for swinging movement in theplane of said wings, and for tilting movement with said member, theouter end portions of said wings being curved downwardly, braces betweenthe wings and body having loose connections therewith to lower and raisethe rear edges of the wings when said downwardly curved portions aremoved rearwardly and forwardly respectively, and means operable forswinging said wings to move said downwardly curved portions for wardlyand rearwardly.

3. An aeroplane including a body, a wing, means for mounting the wing onthe body for swinging movement in the plane of the wing and for tiltingmovement forwardly and rearwardly to different angles, a brace betweenthe wing and body having loose connections therewith to tilt the wing todifferent angles when it is swung in the plane thereof, amanually'operable member, and a link connecting said member and wing toswing it to different positions.

4. An aeroplane including a body, a pair 0f wings having downwardlycurved por- 20 tions at opposite ends, means for mounting the adjacentends of said wings on the body in overlapping relation for relativeswinging movement in the plane thereof and for simultaneously forwardlyand rearwardly tilting movement to different angles, braces between thewings and body having loose connection therewith to tilt the wings todifferent angles when they are swung relatively, a manually operablemember, and links connecting said member and wings for swinging themrelatively to one another.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

OSCAR J. ABRAHAMSON.

lVitnesses:

K. B. VAN METER, ARTHUR J. ABRAHAMsoN.

